Semax
Semax — A synthetic heptapeptide derived from ACTH(4-7) with a Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal extension, studied for neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties.
What Is Semax?
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is an analog of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment 4-10, with an added Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal sequence for metabolic stabilization.
With a molecular weight of 813.93 Da, Semax was developed as a neurotropic compound. Unlike full-length ACTH, Semax lacks hormonal activity on the adrenal cortex, retaining only the nootropic and neuroprotective properties attributed to the ACTH 4-10 core sequence.
Mechanism of Action
Semax acts through multiple neurological pathways. It increases BDNF and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, modulates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, and affects the expression of genes involved in neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity.
Genomic studies have shown Semax influences the expression of over 24 genes in glial cells, including genes related to the immune response, vascular regulation, and neuroplasticity, suggesting a broad mechanism that extends beyond classical neurotransmitter modulation.
Research Applications
- Neuroprotection: Studies in ischemia models demonstrated reduced infarct volume and improved neurological outcomes when administered during the acute phase
- Cognitive enhancement: Animal studies showed improved performance in spatial memory tasks (Morris water maze) and passive avoidance learning
- Neurotrophic activity: BDNF and NGF upregulation confirmed in rat brain tissue at both mRNA and protein levels
- Optic nerve: Research demonstrated neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma models
Storage and Handling
Store lyophilized Semax at -20°C with desiccant. The methionine residue at position 1 is susceptible to oxidation, so minimize air exposure during reconstitution. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water and use within 14 days at 2-8°C.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Semax?
A synthetic heptapeptide derived from ACTH(4-7) with a Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal extension, studied for neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties.
Why is Semax important in peptide research?
Semax is a fundamental concept in compound as it relates to peptide science. It directly influences experimental design, compound characterization, and the reliability of research outcomes across biochemistry and molecular biology disciplines.